MENTAL ARITHMETIC: SUBTRACTION

PROBLEMS 2

Finding the difference by the ending

11.  a)  5 + 8 ends in 3.  b)  9 + 5 ends in 4.  c)  6 + 9 ends in 5.

13.  d)  7 + 4 ends in 1.  e)  8 + 7 ends in 5.  f)  7 + 6 ends in 3.

12.   12 − 7 = 5

14.  Whenever you take a 7 from a 2, the answer will always end in 5

14.  And the answer falls in the previous decade.

32 − 7 = 25

42 − 7 = 35

62 − 7 = 55

92 − 7 = 85

102 − 7 = 95  

13.  The difference in the previous decade.  Calculate mentally by
15.  deciding on the ending.

31 − 8 = 23  63 − 7 = 56  62 − 8 = 54

43 − 9 = 34  84 − 8 = 76  74 − 7 = 67

56 − 9 = 47  22 − 9  = 13  81 − 6 = 75

75 − 8 = 67  45 − 9 = 36  23 − 8 = 15

21 − 8 = 13  31 − 9 = 22  52 − 8 = 44

The difference between two-digit numbers

14.  What number must you add?  First complete a 10.  Illustrate that in
11.   writing.

57 + ? = 61.   3 + 1 = 4. (57 + 3 is 60; plus 1.)

86 + ? = 92.   4 + 2 = 6.

15.  What number must you add to the smaller number?  
11.  First, complete a 10.  Or decide on the ending.

31 − 27 = 4   85 − 77 = 8   21 − 18 = 3
 
43 − 38 = 5   92 − 83 = 9   83 − 76 = 7
 
54 − 47 = 7   27 − 18 = 9   42 − 38 = 4
 
62 − 56 = 6   56 − 47 = 9   57 − 49 = 8
 
72 − 69 = 3   82 − 74 = 8   65 − 56 = 9

16.  What number must you add?

25 + 33 = 58   38 + 41 = 79   32 + 65 = 97

17.  Add to complete a multiple of 10.  Add to get into the previous
17.  decade.

25 + 35 = 60.   38 + 42 = 80.   32 + 58 = 90
 
37 + 23 = 60.   26 + 54 = 80.   48 + 42 = 90.

18.  The ones of the smaller number greater.  Decide the ending.
18.  Then add to get to the previous decade.

34 + 27 = 61

35 + 37 = 72. 33 + 48 = 81.
 
54 + 28 = 82. 45 + 28 = 73.
 
46 + 45 = 91. 28 + 47 = 75.
 
23 + 39 =62. 45 + 38 = 83.
 
55 + 39 =94. 64 + 27 = 91.

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